场景自动化与调度

场景自动化与调度

概述

本节介绍智能家居系统的场景自动化和定时调度功能。学习完成后，您将能够：

• 设计智能家居场景模式和触发条件
• 实现 Node-RED 场景编排逻辑
• 配置定时调度和自动化规则
• 评估场景自动化方案的技术边界

前置要求

在开始本节之前，请确保：

• 已完成 Node-RED 基础学习
• 已完成 MQTT 通信配置
• 了解 IF-THEN 规则引擎的基本概念

Scene Mode System

Scene Definitions

// Node-RED 场景配置
const scenes = {
    // 离家模式
    "away": {
        name: "离家",
        icon: "🏃",
        actions: [
            {topic: "home/light/livingroom/set", payload: '{"state":"OFF"}'},
            {topic: "home/light/bedroom/set", payload: '{"state":"OFF"}'},
            {topic: "home/light/kitchen/set", payload: '{"state":"OFF"}'},
            {topic: "home/climate/livingroom/mode/set", payload: '"off"'},
            {topic: "home/climate/bedroom/mode/set", payload: '"off"'},
            {topic: "home/curtain/livingroom/set", payload: '{"position":0}'},
            {topic: "home/curtain/bedroom/set", payload: '{"position":0}'},
            {topic: "home/alarm/set", payload: '{"mode":"away"}'},
            {topic: "home/panel/display", payload: '{"scene":"away"}', delay: 500}
        ],
        reversed: "home"  // 反向模式
    },

    // 回家模式
    "home": {
        name: "回家",
        icon: "🏠",
        actions: [
            {topic: "home/light/livingroom/set", payload: '{"state":"ON"}'},
            {topic: "home/light/livingroom/brightness/set", payload: '50'},
            {topic: "home/climate/livingroom/mode/set", payload: '"cool"'},
            {topic: "home/climate/livingroom/temperature_set", payload: '26'},
            {topic: "home/curtain/livingroom/set", payload: '{"position":50}'},
            {topic: "home/alarm/set", payload: '{"mode":"disarm"}'},
            {topic: "home/panel/display", payload: '{"scene":"home"}', delay: 500}
        ],
        reversed: "away"
    },

    // 睡眠模式
    "sleep": {
        name: "睡眠",
        icon: "🌙",
        actions: [
            {topic: "home/light/livingroom/set", payload: '{"state":"OFF"}'},
            {topic: "home/light/bedroom/set", payload: '{"state":"OFF","brightness":10}'},
            {topic: "home/light/nightlight/set", payload: '{"state":"ON"}'},
            {topic: "home/curtain/bedroom/set", payload: '{"position":100}'},
            {topic: "home/climate/bedroom/mode/set", payload: '"sleep"'},
            {topic: "home/climate/bedroom/temperature_set", payload: '24'},
            {topic: "home/alarm/set", payload: '{"mode":"sleep"}'},
            {topic: "home/panel/display", payload: '{"scene":"sleep"}', delay: 500}
        ],
        reversed: null
    },

    // 阅读模式
    "reading": {
        name: "阅读",
        icon: "📚",
        actions: [
            {topic: "home/light/livingroom/set", payload: '{"state":"ON"}'},
            {topic: "home/light/livingroom/brightness/set", payload: '100'},
            {topic: "home/light/livingroom/color_temp/set", payload: '4000'},  // 暖白光
            {topic: "home/curtain/livingroom/set", payload: '{"position":100}'},
            {topic: "home/climate/livingroom/mode/set", payload: '"cool"'},
            {topic: "home/panel/display", payload: '{"scene":"reading"}', delay: 500}
        ],
        reversed: null
    }
};

Scene Execution Flow

Node-RED Scene Flow

{
  "id": "scene_executor",
  "nodes": [
    // 场景触发源
    {"id":"scene_trigger_mqtt","type":"mqtt in",
     "topic":"home/scene/+/trigger","server":"localhost"},
    {"id":"scene_trigger_dashboard","type":"ui_button",
     "group":"scene_group","label":"场景"},
    {"id":"scene_trigger_schedule","type":"inject",
     "crontab":"0 22 * * *","payload":"sleep","topic":"scene"},

    // 场景解析
    {"id":"scene_parser","type":"function","func":`
      var scenes = global.get("scenes") || {};
      var sceneName = msg.payload;

      if (typeof sceneName === 'string' && scenes[sceneName]) {
          var scene = scenes[sceneName];
          var sequence = [];

          // 生成动作序列
          scene.actions.forEach(function(action, index) {
              var delay = action.delay || 0;
              sequence.push({
                  topic: action.topic,
                  payload: action.payload,
                  delay: delay + index * 200  // 每个动作间隔 200ms
              });
          });

          // 记录场景执行
          node.log(`触发场景: ${scene.name} (${sceneName})`);

          return {
              payload: {
                  scene: sceneName,
                  name: scene.name,
                  icon: scene.icon,
                  sequence: sequence,
                  timestamp: Date.now()
              }
          };
      }
      return null;
    `},

    // 顺序执行
    {"id":"scene_delay","type":"delay",
     "timeoutType":"delay","delayType":"fixed"},
    {"id":"scene_mqtt_out","type":"mqtt out","qos":1}
  ]
}

Automation Rules

IF-THEN Automation

// Node-RED 自动化规则引擎

// 规则定义
const rules = [
    // 规则 1: 温度 > 30°C → 自动开空调
    {
        id: "rule_high_temp",
        name: "高温自动空调",
        condition: (data) => data.temperature > 30,
        action: {
            topic: "home/climate/livingroom/mode/set",
            payload: '"cool"'
        }
    },

    // 规则 2: 温度 > 28°C 且 湿度 > 70% → 除湿模式
    {
        id: "rule_high_humidity",
        name: "高湿除湿",
        condition: (data) => data.temperature > 28 && data.humidity > 70,
        action: {
            topic: "home/climate/livingroom/mode/set",
            payload: '"dry"'
        }
    },

    // 规则 3: 光照 < 50 lux 且 时间 > 18:00 → 自动开灯
    {
        id: "rule_dark_evening",
        name: "傍晚自动开灯",
        condition: (data) => {
            var now = new Date();
            var hour = now.getHours();
            return data.lux < 50 && hour >= 18;
        },
        action: {
            topic: "home/light/livingroom/set",
            payload: '{"state":"ON","brightness":30}'
        }
    },

    // 规则 4: 无人移动 30 分钟 → 自动进入节能模式
    {
        id: "rule_no_motion",
        name: "无人节能",
        condition: (data) => {
            var timeSinceMotion = Date.now() - (global.get('lastMotion') || Date.now());
            return timeSinceMotion > 1800000;  // 30分钟
        },
        action: {
            topic: "home/scene/livingroom/trigger",
            payload: '"away"'
        }
    },

    // 规则 5: 有人移动 + 光照不足 → 自动开夜灯
    {
        id: "rule_motion_nightlight",
        name: "夜间感应灯",
        condition: (data) => {
            var now = new Date();
            var hour = now.getHours();
            return data.motion && (hour >= 22 || hour <= 5) && data.lux < 10;
        },
        action: {
            topic: "home/light/nightlight/set",
            payload: '{"state":"ON","brightness":20}'
        }
    }
];

Timer Scheduling

Daily Schedule Configuration

// Node-RED 定时调度

// 使用 inject 节点的 cron 表达式
[
    // 工作日 7:00 → 起床场景
    {"id":"timer_wakeup","type":"inject",
     "crontab":"0 7 * * 1-5",
     "payload":"{\"scene\":\"home\",\"params\":{\"brightness\":60}}",
     "topic":"home/scene/livingroom/trigger"},

    // 工作日 8:30 → 离家场景
    {"id":"timer_leave","type":"inject",
     "crontab":"30 8 * * 1-5",
     "payload":"\"away\"",
     "topic":"home/scene/livingroom/trigger"},

    // 工作日 17:30 → 回家场景
    {"id":"timer_return","type":"inject",
     "crontab":"30 17 * * 1-5",
     "payload":"\"home\"",
     "topic":"home/scene/livingroom/trigger"},

    // 每天 22:00 → 睡眠场景
    {"id":"timer_sleep","type":"inject",
     "crontab":"0 22 * * *",
     "payload":"\"sleep\"",
     "topic":"home/scene/livingroom/trigger"},

    // 周末 9:00 → 起床
    {"id":"timer_weekend","type":"inject",
     "crontab":"0 9 * * 6,0",
     "payload":"{\"scene\":\"home\"}",
     "topic":"home/scene/livingroom/trigger"}
]

LVGL Scene UI

Scene Display on Panel

// ESP32 面板上的场景选择界面
void create_scene_selection() {
  lv_obj_t* scenePage = lv_obj_create(screen);
  lv_obj_set_size(scenePage, LV_PCT(100), LV_PCT(100));

  // 场景标题
  lv_obj_t* title = lv_label_create(scenePage);
  lv_label_set_text(title, "选择场景模式");
  lv_obj_set_style_text_font(title, &lv_font_montserrat_20, 0);
  lv_obj_align(title, LV_ALIGN_TOP_MID, 0, 20);

  // 场景按钮网格 (2x2)
  const char* scenes[][2] = {
    {"🏃 离家", "away"},
    {"🏠 回家", "home"},
    {"🌙 睡眠", "sleep"},
    {"📚 阅读", "reading"}
  };

  int btnWidth = 120;
  int btnHeight = 80;
  int startX = (TFT_WIDTH - btnWidth * 2) / 3;
  int startY = 80;
  int gapX = (TFT_WIDTH - btnWidth * 2) / 3;
  int gapY = 30;

  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
    int row = i / 2;
    int col = i % 2;
    int x = startX + col * (btnWidth + gapX);
    int y = startY + row * (btnHeight + gapY);

    lv_obj_t* btn = lv_btn_create(scenePage);
    lv_obj_set_size(btn, btnWidth, btnHeight);
    lv_obj_set_pos(btn, x, y);
    lv_obj_set_style_radius(btn, 16, 0);

    // 不同的场景颜色
    lv_palette_t colors[] = {LV_PALETTE_TEAL, LV_PALETTE_GREEN,
                              LV_PALETTE_INDIGO, LV_PALETTE_ORANGE};
    lv_obj_set_style_bg_color(btn, lv_palette_main(colors[i]), 0);

    lv_obj_t* label = lv_label_create(btn);
    lv_label_set_text(label, scenes[i][0]);
    lv_obj_center(label);

    // 绑定场景触发
    lv_obj_add_event_cb(btn, [](lv_event_t* e) {
      const char* scene = (const char*)lv_event_get_user_data(e);
      mqttClient.publish("home/scene/livingroom/trigger", scene);
    }, LV_EVENT_CLICKED, (void*)scenes[i][1]);
  }
}

Pre-sales Key Points

自动化能力

自动化类型	功能	买家价值
场景模式	一键多设备联动	”一键切换整个家居状态”
定时调度	按时间自动执行	”每天7点自动起床场景”
条件触发	传感器 → 自动化	”温度过高自动开空调”
缺席检测	无运动自动节能	”离家自动关灯关空调”
场景反转	离/回家场景互逆	”离家关闭的设备回家自动开启”

Summary

本节介绍了智能家居场景自动化和定时调度：

1. 场景模式：离家、回家、睡眠、阅读等预设场景
2. 场景执行流程：节点触发 → 动作序列 → MQTT 控制
3. 自动化规则：IF-THEN 规则引擎基于传感器数据触发
4. 定时调度：cron 表达式实现每日/工作日/周末定时触发
5. 面板场景 UI：LVGL 场景选择界面，一键触发场景